Boosting sodium battery energy storage: New research progress of pre-sodiation technology

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0399

Abstract

Abstract:

Sodium and lithium exhibit similar physicochemical properties, and sodium resources are abundant and widely distributed. Accordingly, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as promising complements to lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, with broad potential for large-scale and short-term high-frequency energy storage applications. However, the initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of sodium-storage anode materials is generally low, preventing them from realizing their theoretical capacity. Pre-sodiation technology, as one of the most effective active sodium compensation strategies, can effectively mitigate active sodium loss. This paper comprehensively analyzes the major challenges facing pre-sodiation technology in recent years and summarizes novel approaches proposed to address these issues. Based on the redox properties of various sodium sources, current pre-sodiation techniques are categorized into reductive and oxidative pre-sodiation. The advantages, disadvantages, and industrial feasibility of different pre-sodiation methods are compared, with a focus on elucidating their mechanisms and research progress. Furthermore, the development prospects of pre-sodiation technology are discussed. This review aims to deepen understanding of pre-sodiation technology and provide theoretical guidance and innovative insights for optimizing and developing novel pre-sodiation techniques suitable for high-power applications at scale. Based on existing research, we propose that solid-state oxidative pre-sodiation materials hold promise for enabling multiple sodium replenishments throughout the battery's lifecycle, thereby establishing a technical foundation for high-power, high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, pre-sodiation, coulombic efficiency, long cycle life, high energy density, high power density

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

Jingyu XIANG, Wei ZHONG, Shijie CHENG, Jia XIE. Boosting sodium battery energy storage: New research progress of pre-sodiation technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(8): 3051-3064.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 74

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技术类型	代表方法	工艺兼容性	工业化难度	主要优点	主要缺点
富钠化正极	Na_0.85Li_0.12Ni_0.22Mn_0.66O₂	较差	较高	不会引入其他杂质	对材料有限制
固态还原型	钠金属箔/粉末	较差	高	补钠容量高	需惰性环境
液态还原型	萘钠溶液	好	中	工艺简单，可规模化	溶剂稳定性差
固态氧化型	草酸钠添加剂	良好	低	成本低，易于集成	副产物残留
液态氧化型	有机钠盐添加剂	好	较高	可多次补钠	补钠容量较低