锂/氟化碳电池电解液的研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0903

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂/氟化碳(Li/CF _x )电池作为一种具有最高理论比容量(860 mAh/g)和能量密度(2180 Wh/kg)的一次电池，具有高安全性能、低自放电率、平稳的放电电压和环境友好等优点，广泛应用于医疗、军事、电子科技和航空航天等领域。电解液作为Li/CF _x 电池必不可缺的一部分，在正负极之间起到传递离子的作用，具有重要的研究意义。本文从Li/CF _x 电池的低温性能、倍率性能以及放电平台等方面综述了Li/CF _x 电池电解液的研究进展；重点阐述了电解液理化性质、界面浸润与相容、锂离子溶剂化结构、C—F键活化和LiF形成与溶解等因素对Li/CF _x 电池放电性能的影响；最后，对Li/CF _x 电池新型电解液的研究提出了思考与展望。

关键词: 电化学, 锂/氟化碳电池, 电解液, 低温性能, 倍率性能

Abstract:

Li/CF _x battery, a primary battery with the highest theoretical specific capacity and energy density, has the advantages of high safety performance, low self-discharge rate, stable discharge voltage, and eco-friendliness and is widely used in the medical, military, electronic technology, aerospace, and other fields. Electrolyte, an indispensable component of Li/CF _x battery, plays a pivotal role in transferring ions between the anode and cathode; it has important research significance. In this review, we summarize the research progress on electrolytes for Li/CF _x batteries, especially emphasizing the relationships between electrolyte factors, such as the physicochemical properties of electrolytes, interface wettability and compatibility, lithium-ion solvation structure, C—F bond activation, LiF formation, and dissolution, and the electrochemical performance of Li/CF _x batteries, such as low-temperature performance, high-rate performance, and discharge voltage platform. Finally, future research directions for Li/CF _x battery electrolytes are discussed.

Key words: electrochemistry, Li/CF _x battery, electrolytes, low temperature performance, high rate performance

中图分类号:

O 646.1

卢俊杰, 彭丹, 倪文静, 杨媛, 汪靖伦. 锂/氟化碳电池电解液的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(5): 1487-1495.

Junjie LU, Dan PENG, Wenjing NI, Yuan YANG, Jinglun WANG. Research progress on electrolyte for Li/CF _x battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(5): 1487-1495.

图/表 7

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CF _x	Electrolyte	Temp./℃	E_1/2/V	Cut off voltage /V	Capacity /(mAh/g)	Discharge rate	Ref.
CF_0.65	0.5 mol/L LiBF₄-PC∶DME(2∶8, 体积比)+1.5%(体积分数)TTFEB	-60	~1.5	0.5	275	0.2C	[13]
CF _x	1 mol/L LiBF₄-GBL+2% (体积分数)15-crown-5	-45	1.5	0.25	140	—	[33]
CF _x	1mol/L LiPF₆-EC∶DMC∶EMC (1∶1∶3, 体积比)+2%(体积分数)15-crown-5	-50	1.3	0.25	110	—	[33]
CF _x	1 mol/L LiBF₄-PC∶DME (1∶1, 体积比)+10%(质量分数)SN	0	2.2	1.5	527	0.5C	[34]
CF_0.99~1.08	0.5 mol/L LiBF₄-AN∶BL (1∶1, 体积比)	-50	~1.8	1.5	~580	0.02C	[37]
CF_1.0	1 mol/L LiBF₄-Me₂O∶PC (6.5∶1, 体积比)	-60	~2.1	1.5	780	10 mA/g	[23]
CF_1.0	1 mol/L LiBF₄-PC∶MB (1∶2, 体积比)	-70	~1.0	0.5	240	0.1C	[22]
CF_1.0	0.78 mol/L LiBF₄+0.22 mol/L LiFSI-PC∶DME∶iBA (23∶69∶8, 体积比)	-60	~1.3	1.0	433	0.1C	[39]

CF _x	Electrolyte	Temp./℃	E_1/2/V	Cut off voltage/V	Capacity/(mAh/g)	Discharge rate	Ref.
CF_0.99~1.08	1 mol/L LiClO₄-TTE∶DME∶PC (2∶2∶1, 体积比)	25	~1.85	1.5	425	5000 mA/g	[20]
CF_1.0	1 mol/L LiBF₄-PC∶DME∶A(1∶1∶1, 体积比 )	50	2.16	1.5	758	2 C	[42]
CF_1.15	1 mol/L LiBF₄-EC∶DMC (1∶1, 体积比)+0.01 mol/L BF₃(g)	25	~1.8	1.5	416	15 C	[27]
CF_1.0	1 mol/L LiBF₄-PC∶DME (1∶1, 体积比)+1%(质量分数)PRZ	25	2.60	1.5	770	1000 mA/g	[43]
CF_1.11	1 mol/L LiBF₄-F5EON∶DME (1∶1, 体积比)	25	2.20	1.5	771	1000 mA/g	[46]

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