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Technology feasibility and economic analysis of Na-ion battery energy storage ZHANG Ping, KANG Libin, WANG Mingju, ZHAO Guang, LUO Zhenhua, TANG Kun, LU Yaxiang, HU Yongsheng Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (6): 1892-1901.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0066 Abstract （2122）   HTML （293）    PDF（pc） （3612KB）（2243）       Knowledge map    Save Energy-storage technology is a critical technology for the construction of energy Internet, which is important for ensuring stable operation of power grids, optimizing energy transmission, absorbing clean energy, and improving power quality. Electrochemical energy-storage technology, which enjoys the advantages of small geographic-location restrictions and short construction period, is one of the mainstream energy-storage technologies. Currently, the most mature electrochemical energy-storage technology is lithium-ion battery. However, the shortage in lithium resources can alone limit the popularization of electric vehicles and large-scale energy-storage applications. Sodium-ion batteries have become the current research focus in energy-storage technology owing to rich sodium resources, low cost, high-energy conversion efficiency, long cycle life, low maintenance costs, and other advantages. This study analyzes the technical feasibility and technical economy of Na-ion battery energy-storage technology and compares it with the current mainstream energy-storage technologies. The advantages of Na-ion battery in the field of large-scale energy storage are analyzed in terms of the cost per kiloWatt-hour. A demonstration of a 1 MW·h Na-ion battery energy-storage system is also briefly introduced. Meanwhile, some views and suggestions on the application of Na-ion battery in energy-storage power stations are provided. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of flow battery technologies Zhizhang YUAN, Zonghao LIU, Xianfeng LI Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (9): 2944-2958.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0295 Abstract （1367）   HTML （178）    PDF（pc） （6518KB）（1834）       Knowledge map    Save Energy storage technology is the key to constructing new power systems and achieving "carbon neutrality." Flow batteries are ideal for energy storage due to their high safety, high reliability, long cycle life, and environmental safety. In this review article, we discuss the research progress in flow battery technologies, including traditional (e.g., iron-chromium, vanadium, and zinc-bromine flow batteries) and recent flow battery systems (e.g., bromine-based, quinone-based, phenazine-based, TEMPO-based, and methyl viologen [MV]?-based flow batteries). Furthermore, we systematically review these flow batteries according to their development and maturity and discuss their traits, challenges, and prospects. The bottlenecks for different types of flow battery technologies are also selectively analyzed. The future advancement and research directions of flow battery technologies are summarized by considering the practical requirements and development trends in flow battery technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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High-nickel ternary layered cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries： Research progress， challenges and improvement strategies Zhizhan LI, Jinlei QIN, Jianing LIANG, Zhengrong LI, Rui WANG, Deli WANG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (9): 2900-2920.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0595 Abstract （1594）   HTML （257）    PDF（pc） （22577KB）（1728）       Knowledge map    Save With the gradual expansion of lithium-ion battery applications in the field of new energy vehicles, endurance mileage has become a key factor restricting the development of new energy vehicles. Improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is an effective way to solve range anxiety. Owing to their high specific capacity, low cost, and relatively good safety, high-nickel ternary layered materials are now one of the most promising cathode candidates for the next high-specific energy lithium-ion batteries. However, increased nickel content significantly decreases ternary layered materials' cycling and thermal stability. In this regard, we first summarize the development process of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries and analyze the necessity of developing ternary layered materials for high nickel, after which the current challenges based on the research status of high nickel ternary layered cathode materials are systematically discussed. The failure mechanism of the material is comprehensively analyzed by considering cation mixing, structural degradation, microcracks, surface side reactions, and thermal stability. In addition, considering the problems of high nickel ternary layered materials, some effective and advanced improvement strategies, including surface coating, element doping, single-crystal structure, and concentration gradient design, are reviewed. The research progress of various improvement strategies and modification mechanisms is highlighted. Finally, we compare the characteristics of various improvement strategies. Based on the advantages of a single improvement strategy and the coupling effect of different improvement strategies, we look forward to the development direction of the improvement strategy for high nickel ternary layered materials and propose feasibility programs for the collaborative application of multiple improvement strategies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on recycling technology of waste lithium iron phosphate power battery ZHOU Wei, FU Dongju, LIU Weifeng, CHEN Jianjun, HU Zhao, ZENG Xierong Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (6): 1854-1864.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0201 Abstract （1175）   HTML （125）    PDF（pc） （4278KB）（1690）       Knowledge map    Save This study combines the results of domestic and foreign research on the recycling of used lithium iron phosphate power batteries recently. Furthermore, it provides a detailed review of the latest technology for recycling used lithium iron phosphate power batteries, including pretreatment processes, positive and negative electrode materials, and electrolyte recycling methods. This study also focuses on the recovery process of positive electrode material, including the acid leaching process and bioleaching technology in pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, and direct regeneration technology. It introduces the recycling technology of negative electrodes and the supercritical CO2 recovery process of electrolytes. The recent progress in the recovery and utilization of waste lithium iron phosphate power batteries is systematically summarized, and the existing problems in the recovery and utilization of waste lithium iron phosphate power batteries are analyzed. In the future, we will conduct in-depth research on the recycling process and its principle, develop a clean, environmental-friendly and simple recycling process, and adopt different recycling methods for different types of recycled materials. Thus, the high efficiency and high-quality recovery of all waste lithium iron phosphate power battery components can be realized. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and prospect of key materials of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis Bin XU, Rui WANG, Wei SU, Guangli HE, Ping MIAO Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (11): 3510-3520.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0319 Abstract （1060）   HTML （102）    PDF（pc） （4897KB）（1656）       Knowledge map    Save Hydrogen is an essential element for a net carbon energy system that provides an alternative to difficult sectors for deep decarbonization, including heavy industry and long-haul transport. Electrolytic hydrogen synthesized through renewables is the most sustainable technology. It offers additional flexibility to integrate intermittent renewable energy and also can be used as seasonal energy storage. High current density, high operating pressure, small electrolyzer size, good integrity, and flexibility are all benefits of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology. It also has good adaptability to the high volatility of wind and PV power. However, one of the main challenges is its high cost. The cost composition and application status of PEM water electrolysis are summarized in this study, and the research progress in critical materials, preparation technology, and component manufacturing are addressed in depth. According to research, novel structure-design preparation strategies and manufacturing technology are expected to improve electrolyzer design and construction, decrease the cost of raw materials and manufacturing for bipolar plates, decrease ohmic polarization by reducing membrane thickness, and increase the activity and utilization of noble-metal catalysts. Finally, the future R&D direction and target of PEM water electrolysis are proposed. With technology innovation in material performance, optimization of component manufacturing, and an increase in electrolyzer plant scale, significantly reducing the cost of PEM water electrolysis equipment and accelerating the large-scale development of PEM hydrogen production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on energy storage technologies of China in 2022 Haisheng CHEN, Hong LI, Yujie XU, Man CHEN, Liang WANG, Xingjian DAI, Dehou XU, Xisheng TANG, Xianfeng LI, Yongsheng HU, Yanwei MA, Yu LIU, Wei SU, Qingsong WANG, Jun CHEN, Ping ZHUO, Liye XIAO, Xuezhi ZHOU, Ziping FENG, Kai JIANG, Haijun YU, Yongbing TANG, Renjie CHEN, Yatao LIU, Yuxin ZHANG, Xipeng LIN, Huan GUO, Han ZHANG, Changkun ZHANG, Dongxu HU, Xiaohui RONG, Xiong ZHANG, Kaiqiang JIN, Lihua JIANG, Yumin PENG, Shiqi LIU, Yilin ZHU, Xing WANG, Xin ZHOU, Xuewu OU, Quanquan PANG, Zhenhua YU, Wei LIU, Fen YUE, Zhen LI, Zhen SONG, Zhifeng WANG, Wenji SONG, Haibo LIN, Jiecai LI, Bin YI, Fujun LI, Xinhui PAN, Li LI, Yiming MA, Huang LI Energy Storage Science and Technology    2023, 12 (5): 1516-1552.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0330 Abstract （899）   HTML （233）    PDF（pc） （3233KB）（1593）       Knowledge map    Save Research progress on energy storage technologies of China in 2022 is reviewed in this paper. By reviewing and analyzing three aspects in terms of fundamental study, technical research, integration and demonstration, the progress on China's energy storage technologies in 2022 is summarized including hydro pumped energy storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel, lithium-ion battery, lead battery, flow battery, sodium-ion battery, supercapacitor, new technologies, integration technology, firecontrol technology etc. It is found that important achievements in energy storage technologies have been obtained during 2022, and China is now the most active country in the world in energy storage fields on all the three aspects of fundamental study, technical research, integration and application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and prospective of solid-state lithium batteries in the past decade （2011—2021） Jinghua WU, Jing YANG, Gaozhan LIU, Zhiyan WANG, Zhihua ZHANG, Hailong YU, Xiayin YAO, Xuejie HUANG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (9): 2713-2745.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0309 Abstract （856）   HTML （264）    PDF（pc） （16864KB）（1485）       Knowledge map    Save Solid-state lithium batteries with solid electrolyte rather than traditional liquid organic electrolyte could employ high specific capacity cathodes and anodes, resulting in high energy density devices with high safety, which is consistent with the future development direction of power sources for electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage. To accelerate the practical application of both solid-state and all-solid-state lithium batteries with high energy density, high safety, and long service life, scientists from all over the world have done a lot of work and made many breakthroughs from 2011 to 2022. Herein, in view of the challenges and opportunities for solid-state lithium batteries, the research progress of solid-state lithium batteries in the last decade, including solid electrolyte materials, electrode/electrolyte interface regulation, and solid-state battery technology, was reviewed. Finally, possible research directions and development trends for solid-state lithium batteries are also discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of hard carbon anode materials for sodium ion batteries Fei LIU, Peiwen ZHAO, Jingxiang ZHAO, Xianwei SUN, Miaomiao LI, Jinghao WANG, Yanxin YIN, Zuoqiang DAI, Lili ZHENG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (11): 3497-3509.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0233 Abstract （1067）   HTML （162）    PDF（pc） （12260KB）（1370）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of high-performance electrode materials and the study of the mechanism, the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries has been greatly improved. Hard carbon has become recognized as the most mature and commercialized anode material. However, it still faces problems such as low initial coulomb efficiency and poor rate capability. At the same time, great efforts have been devoted to in-depth research on the mechanism of sodium storage in hard carbons, and to explore synthetic methods to improve performance and reduce costs. However, there are still disagreements on the sodium storage mechanism, especially the sodium storage mechanism in the plateau region. Through the study of recent literature, based on the three different sodium storage processes of hard carbon material intercalation, adsorption and nanopore filling, the "intercalation-adsorption", "adsorption-intercalation" and other various forms of composite sodium storage mechanisms are emphatically introduced. Then, the effects of specific surface area, pores, defects, interlayer spacing and functional groups on the rate capability and initial Coulomb efficiency of hard carbon anode materials were analyzed based on the in-depth understanding of the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon materials. At the same time, the effects of structure optimization and surface modification of coating method on improving the rate performance and initial coulombic efficiency of hard carbon anode materials are introduced. In order to promote the practical application of hard carbon, the effect of electrolyte optimization on improve the performance of ICE and rate capability of hard carbon is expounded. Comprehensive analysis shows that hard carbon material modification and electrolyte optimization are promising to achieve high rate capability, high initial coulombic efficiency and cycle stability at the same time. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of polymer electrolyte for solid state lithium batteries ZHOU Weidong, HUANG Qiu, XIE Xiaoxin, CHEN Kejun, LI Wei, QIU Jieshan Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (6): 1788-1805.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0168 Abstract （1355）   HTML （204）    PDF（pc） （10335KB）（1314）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, the critical challenges of lithium-ion batteries are how to improve their energy density and safety. With the help of nonflammable solid electrolytes and improved compatibility with Li-metal-based anode, solid state lithium batteries can effectively alleviate these two issues. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is one of the most promising solid-state-electrolytes because of its high flexibility, ease of processing, and good interfacial contact. The ionic conductivity, electrochemical window, and electrode stability all play important roles in the overall performance of solid lithium metal batteries. According to the different electrochemical stability windows, this study reviews the typical SPE systems classified by low-and high-voltage stable SPEs. The strategies of chemical modification, electrode/electrolyte interface engineering, and multilayer structure design are discussed, aiming to improve the ionic conductivity and broaden the electrochemical window of SPEs. This review summarizes the different electrochemical stability windows: ① Low-voltage-stable SPEs with good lithium metal compatibility and Li+ conductivity that can be improved by crosslinking, blending, copolymerization, and being composites with inorganic fillers; ② High-voltage-stable SPEs with lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy and match high voltage cathode for improving the energy density of lithium metal batteries; and ③ Multilayer SPE systems that can withstand the simultaneous reduction of lithium metal anode and oxidation of high voltage cathode, providing a new strategy for the development of high energy density batteries. These SPE systems summarize the research focus of low-voltage-stable SPE to improve ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. The key to high-voltage-stable SPE is to reduce the HOMO energy and/or establish a stable CEI layer with a cathode. The research focus of multilayer SPE is the appropriate design of battery and electrode structure. The construction of highly Li-conducting polymer structures, which can stabilize or form an interface passivating layer with both cathode and anode simultaneously, is a future research focus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of thermal runaway prevention and control technology for lithium battery energy storage systems Hang YU, Ying ZHANG, Chaohang XU, Sihan YU Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (8): 2653-2663.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0116 Abstract （868）   HTML （130）    PDF（pc） （3231KB）（1283）       Knowledge map    Save The frequent occurrence of lithium-ion battery fire accidents in energy storage power stations has drawn attention to the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, as well as their prevention and control technology. In this study, the thermal runaway evolution process of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage power stations under external abuse conditions is divided into three stages and six processes, which are the early stage of thermal runaway, the occurrence stage of thermal runaway, and the initial stage of fire, as well as three stages of heat release and gas production, pressurization, smoke, fire burning, and gas explosion. Each stage of the entire evolution process is not independent, and the chemical reactions overlap and intersect. Because the combustion characteristics of energy-storage power station fires and traditional fires are significantly dissimilar, targeted prevention and control measures must be developed based on the characteristics of the thermal runaway evolution process. This study reviewed the recent research progress on the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, as well as their prevention and control technology. In addition, the evolution process of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, monitoring and early warning technology, thermal runaway suppression, and fire extinguishing technology are summarized and prospected in this study. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research status and development prospect of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology Jiahao HAO, Yunkai YUE, Jiajun ZHANG, Junling YANG, Xiaoqiong LI, Yanchang SONG, Zhentao ZHANG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (10): 3285-3296.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0199 Abstract （799）   HTML （95）    PDF（pc） （6213KB）（1257）       Knowledge map    Save Carbon dioxide energy storage (CES) technology is a new physical technology that is based on compressed air energy storage (CAES) and the Brayton power-generation cycle. It has high energy-storage density, long operation life, and compact-system equipment. In addition, it has good development and application prospects. This paper introduces the working principle and basic characteristics of a carbon dioxide energy-storage system and identifies the calculation method and evaluation effect of system round-trip efficiency (RTE) and energy storage density (ESD). The research status of thermoelectrical carbon dioxide energy storage (TE-CES), transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage (TC-CES), supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage (SC-CES), liquid carbon dioxide energy storage (LCES), and the carbon dioxide energy-storage system coupled with other energy systems are summarized by discussing recent relevant domestic and development processes of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages, and adaptive application scenarios of different systems are identified. The research direction, key technologies, and main challenges of carbon dioxide energy storage are summarized. Finally, it identifies the development prospects of carbon dioxide energy storage in technology research and multiscenario application. Presently, a comprehensive analysis shows that the research on carbon dioxide energy-storage technology is mostly theoretical. We need to focus on system optimization design, experimental verification, and industrialized application. Carbon dioxide energy-storage technology is expected to obtain greater development space in the future power energy-storage market. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries （Jun. 1， 2022 to Jul. 31， 2022） Jing ZHU, Yida WU, Junfeng HAO, Guanjun CEN, Ronghan QIAO, Xiaoyu SHEN, Mengyu TIAN, Hongxiang JI, Zhou JIN, Yuanjie ZHAN, Yong YAN, Liubin BEN, Hailong YU, Yanyan LIU, Xuejie HUANG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (9): 3035-3050.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0457 Abstract （533）   HTML （112）    PDF（pc） （950KB）（1182）       Knowledge map    Save This bimonthly review paper highlights 100 recent published papers on lithium batteries. We searched the Web of Science and found 4634 papers online from Jun. 1, 2022 to Jul. 31, 2022. 100 of them were selected to be highlighted. High-nickel ternary layered oxides and Li-rich cathode materials are still under extensive investigations of the influences of doping and interface modifications on their electrochemical performances and surface and bulk evolution of structures under prolong cycling. For alloying mechanism anode materials, such as silicon-based composite materials, many researchers pay attention to the binders. Large efforts were devoted to design the three-dimensional structure electrode, interface modification, and inhomogeneity plating of lithium metal anode. The researches of solid-state electrolytes are mainly focused on synthesis, doping, structure design and stability of pre-existing materials and developing new materials, whereas liquid electrolytes are improved by the optimal design of solvents and lithium salts for different battery systems and adding different additives. For solid-state batteries, the studies are mainly focused on the improvement of ionic and electronic conductivity in cathodes. To suppress the "shuttle effect" of Li-S battery, composite sulfur cathode with high ion/electron conductive matrix and functional binders are studied. Other relevant works are also presented to the design of electrode structure and manufactural SEI. There are a few papers for the characterization techniques are on lithium deposition, volume change of silicon-based anode materials and oxygen release of ternary layered materials. Furthermore, theoretical calculations are done to understand the stability of solid electrolytes and the interface of solid state electrolyte/Li. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recovery and resource recycling of graphite anode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries YAN Qiaoyi, WU Feng, CHEN Renjie, LI Li Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (6): 1760-1771.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0193 Abstract （739）   HTML （112）    PDF（pc） （5782KB）（1173）       Knowledge map    Save Popularizing innovative energy vehicles is a strategic decision for promoting green growth and ensuring energy security. It is a significant step in reducing carbon emissions in the automobile industry, particularly toward achieving carbon neutrality and carbon peaking in China. As the core power source for innovative energy vehicles, the green recycling and effective use of spent lithium-ion batteries are directly related to the realization of green and sustainable development in the electric vehicle industry. Graphite is currently the state-of-the-art anode material for commercial lithium-ion batteries owing to its high reversible capacity and good cycling stability. Therefore, the recovery and recycling of used graphite anode materials should be actively investigated. This study discusses recent technology for recovering and treating anode graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries. Several recovery and treatment approaches, such as deep purification, selective lithium extraction, and residual electrolyte removal, and their limits are described. The diversified resource recycling paths of recycled graphite and its products are summarized on the basis of different graphite structural characteristics, including its role as anode material or raw material for catalysts, graphene, and composite films. Furthermore, the life cycle evaluation of graphite recycling is outlined, and the environmental effect advantages and disadvantages of various graphite recycling treatment systems are explored. Finally, the technological problems and future developments of graphite recovery and resource recycling for lithium-ion battery anodes are explored. In addition, we recommend that future research should concentrate on the following four-in-one development: elucidating the battery failure mechanism, realizing the efficient recovery of all components, adhering to the new idea of green chemistry, and widening the market of high-value applications. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Australia policy mechanisms and business models for energy storage and their applications to china Guojing LIU, Bingjie LI, Xiaoyan HU, Fen YUE, Jiqiang XU Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (7): 2332-2343.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0605 Abstract （416）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （1469KB）（1090）       Knowledge map    Save The rise and advancement of energy storage cannot be separated from policy encouragement and mechanism support. Australia has a mature free power market, which provides the basis and conditions for energy storage to create a business model. Meanwhile, Australia has altered legislation and market rules inhibiting the growth of energy storage in recent years, progressively removing the barriers to large-scale application and participation in the power market, which is something China should learn from. In this study, the development status and future market demand for energy storage in Australia are first summarized. The income sources of household energy storage and large-scale energy storage participating in the power market are studied. Furthermore, the Australian Federal government's policy incentives and rule modifications in r&d and demonstration project support, state energy storage-related subsidies, market registration subject identity, transaction settlement mechanism, additional revenue sources, and other aspects are examined in depth. Finally, Australia's enlightenment in China is summarized. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of pre-sodiation technologies in sodium-ion batteries Jie CHEN, Weilun CHEN, Xu ZHANG, Yanwei ZHOU, Wuxing ZHANG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (11): 3487-3496.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0332 Abstract （808）   HTML （130）    PDF（pc） （5460KB）（1088）       Knowledge map    Save Sodium-ion batteries are one of the next-generation low-cost and high-performance battery technologies in large-scale energy storage, and pre-sodiation technology can efficiently replace irreversible sodium depletion during cycling, therefore it plays a crucial role in the practical application of sodium-ion batteries. This research reviews the current pre-sodiation approaches, including physical pre-sodiation, electrochemical pre-sodiation, chemical reaction pre-sodiation, cathode additives, and over-sodiated cathodes. The benefits and drawbacks of different pre-sodiation technologies are examined, and the issues existing in the present pre-sodiation technologies are indicated considering the safety, operability, high efficiency, and total cost. Finally, we offer an outlook on the commercial prospects and development directions of pre-sodiation technologies in the future sodium-ion batteries. With its safety being its primary issue, physical pre-sodiation is facile and convenient; electrochemical pre-sodiation can obtain stable SEI film, but it is restricted by tedious process steps; although atmosphere has specific requirements, and the solvent is expensive, chemical reaction pre-sodiation can also generate a uniform and dense SEI film; although the cathode additives are easy to operate, there are few studies on the residue and gas production; and although the over-sodiated cathode has excellent electrochemical stability, it is restricted by too few types. Future pre-sodiation research needs to comprehensively consider factors including cost, environmental protection, safety and stability, and the effect mechanism of side reactions and by-products need to be investigated in depth. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of green ammonia energy and ammonia fuel cell Yongzhen CHEN, Ying HAN, Wenji SONG, Ziping FENG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2023, 12 (1): 111-119.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0390 Abstract （734）   HTML （84）    PDF（pc） （3662KB）（1068）       Knowledge map    Save With the proposal of a "carbon reduction" global goal, hydrogen is considered the ideal clean energy, but problems such as high production cost, storage, and transportation difficulties limit the large-scale energy application of hydrogen. Used as the carrier of hydrogen. green ammonia, with the meaning of zero carbon footprint, has attracted more and more attention. This study provides an overview of the potential energy applications for green ammonia, the development of green ammonia, and the application progress of ammonia fuel. Furthermore, this study introduces the source of green ammonia. The prospect and challenges of large-scale application of green ammonia are analyzed according to the production cost, technology maturity, and policy factors of green ammonia. Presently, ship transportation and power generation are essential target application fields of ammonia fuel. However, there are still some problems, including the safety of ammonia, mixed combustion theory, and combustion system transformation, among others. An ammonia fuel cell is an essential technology for the energy conversion of ammonia. The research progress of ammonia fuel cell is introduced in detail, including oxygen ion-conducting electrolyte ammonia solid oxide fuel cell, proton-conducting electrolyte ammonia solid oxide fuel cell, proton membrane-ammonia fuel cell and alkaline ammonia fuel cell. The comprehensive analysis shows that the global carbon reduction policy is essential for developing green ammonia at this stage. In the short term, proton membrane-ammonia fuel cell and alkaline ammonia fuel cell would not be able to handle the large-scale application of ammonia fuel. Solid oxide fuel cell with high fuel flexibility is the most promising type of ammonia fuel cell. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of a fast-charging strategy and technology for lithium-ion batteries Linwang DENG, Tianyu FENG, Shiwei SHU, Zifeng ZHANG, Bin GUO Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (9): 2879-2890.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0635 Abstract （858）   HTML （174）    PDF（pc） （3395KB）（1054）       Knowledge map    Save The popularization of electric vehicles is one of the main sources of demand for lithium-ion batteries. The charging performance of electric vehicles is an important parameter that affects the popularization process. With the same material system, a new charging strategy that replaces the traditional constant current and voltage charging strategy has attracted many researchers' attention in recent years. In addition, the new generation of battery management systems stipulates higher requirements for charging strategies. This article describes various optimized charging methods and their characteristics and applications. The research results show that, compared with the traditional constant current and voltage charging strategy, the optimized charging method can reduce charging time, improve charging performance, and effectively extend battery life. Finally, this article also proposes an outlook for the future optimization of charging strategies, hoping that online identification and real-time update of model parameters or the identification of characteristic signals through online methods will bring more powerful charging strategies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries （Aug. 1， 2022 to Sept. 30， 2022） Hongxiang JI, Yida WU, Zhou JIN, Mengyu TIAN, Junfeng HAO, Yuanjie ZHAN, Yong YAN, Guanjun CEN, Ronghan QIAO, Xiaoyu SHEN, Jing ZHU, Liubin BEN, Hailong YU, Yanyan LIU, Xuejie HUANG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (11): 3423-3438.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0602 Abstract （386）   HTML （138）    PDF（pc） （890KB）（1040）       Knowledge map    Save This bimonthly review paper highlights 100 recent published papers on lithium batteries. We searched the Web of Science and found 4656 papers online from Aug. 1, 2022 to Sept. 31, 2022. 100 of them were selected to be highlighted. High-nickel ternary layered, high-voltage LCO layered and LNMO spinel cathode materials are still under extensive investigations of the influences of doping and interface modifications on their electrochemical performances and surface and bulk evolution of structures under prolong cycling. For alloying mechanism anode materials, such as silicon-based composite materials, many researchers pay attention to material preparation and optimization of electrode structure to buffer volume changes, and emphasize the application of functional binders. Large efforts were devoted to design the three-dimensional structure electrode, interface modification, and inhomogeneity plating of lithium metal anode. The researches of solid-state electrolytes are mainly focused on synthesis, doping, structure design and stability of pre-existing materials and developing new materials, whereas liquid electrolytes are improved by the optimal design of solvents and lithium salts for different battery systems and adding different additives. For solid-state batteries, the studies are mainly focused on the improvement of ionic and electronic conductivity in cathodes. To suppress the "shuttle effect" of Li-S battery, composite sulfur cathode with high ion/electron conductive matrix and functional binders are studied. Other relevant works are also presented to the design of electrode structure and manufactural SEI. There are a few papers for the characterization techniques are on lithium deposition, volume change of silicon-based anode materials and oxygen release of ternary layered materials. Furthermore, theoretical calculations are done to understand the stability of solid electrolytes and the interface of solid state electrolyte/Li. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of safety test standard of rail transit power lithium-ion battery Yawen ZHAO, Yu HUANG, Yanru ZHANG Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (8): 2505-2518.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0043 Abstract （748）   HTML （65）    PDF（pc） （2389KB）（979）       Knowledge map    Save With the continuous application of lithium-ion batteries in EMU, subway, tram, and other rail vehicles, the safety and safety performance evaluation of lithium-ion batteries in use has always been a major concern, and major standardization organizations and application enterprises at home and abroad have developed the corresponding safety evaluation standards. This study briefly introduces the current guidance and normative standards in the field of rail transit at home and abroad, including TJ/JW 126—2020, Q/CRRC J39—2019, TJ/JW 127—2020, Q/CRRC J37.1—2019 and IEC 62928:2017, IEC 62619:2017. This section focuses on the battery monomer, module, and pack, compares and analyzes the battery safety performance evaluation methods of IEC and domestic standards, and presents the differences in the application scope, test objects, test methods, and test requirements at home and abroad. A comprehensive analysis of the three aspects of machinery, environment, and electrical safety requirements reveals that domestic standards for power lithium-ion battery setting test projects are relatively comprehensive and higher than the requirements of foreign standards, but the foreign standard test focus more on the electrical safety requirements. Finally, based on the differences in service and working conditions between the locomotive and electric vehicles, suggestions for further improvement in lithium-ion battery safety standards for rail transit are proposed to evaluate the rail transit battery system more scientifically and targeted and provide a crucial basis for the application and development of new energy storage systems in rail transit. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent progress and outlook of thermal energy storage technologies Zhu JIANG, Boyang ZOU, Lin CONG, Chunping XIE, Chuan LI, Geng QIAO, Yanqi ZHAO, Binjian NIE, Tongtong ZHANG, Zhiwei GE, Hongkun MA, Yi JIN, Yongliang LI, Yulong DING Energy Storage Science and Technology    2022, 11 (9): 2746-2771.   DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0538 Abstract （916）   HTML （159）    PDF（pc） （15557KB）（975）       Knowledge map    Save Thermal energy storage (TES) plays an important role in addressing the intermittency issue of renewable energy and enhancing energy utilization efficiency. This study focuses on recent progress in TES materials, devices, systems, and government policies. In terms of the TES materials, the formulation of composite TES materials (e.g., phase change and thermochemical materials) to improve material performance, molecular-scale simulation of the material properties, and the associated fabrication technologies have been summarized. Corrosion challenges of TES materials in practical applications were reviewed, especially high-temperature molten salt corrosion. Heat transfer enhancement measures of the slab type, packed bed, and tube-and-shell TES heat exchangers were discussed for TES devices. Besides, TES systems based on latent heat storage and thermal management, thermochemical heat storage, and liquid air energy storage, have been introduced. Finally, government policies of different countries to facilitate TES technology deployment were reported. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics